Dolor total : abordaje desde el cuidado enfermero

Abstract

Recuperar e incorporar a la gestión del cuidado enfermero aquellas estrategias no farmacológicas que se ha demostrado científicamente que alivian el“dolor total” considerando distintas posibilidades de aliviarlo, implica un gran reto para el profesional de enfermería. Se propuso Comprender la percepción que refieren los profesionales de enfermería del hospital Andacollo, Chos Malal y Rincón de los Sauces respecto al dolor total y de la aplicación de estrategias no farmacológicas aplicadas a personas en situación de dolor total, período febrero-junio del 2020. Se investigó siguiendo una estrategia cualitativa, exploratoria y fenomenológica. Se realizaron seis entrevistas en profundidad, virtuales, previo consentimiento informado. Los profesionales se seleccionaron mediante un muestreo intencional y estratégico, considerando su experiencia para referir datos relevantes acordes al objetivo planteado. Se valora el significado del dolor total percibiendo al mismo como un dolor atrapante que modifica el bienestar de quien lo padece y su familia. Las terapias alternativas no se aplican por desconocimiento, falta de tiempo o por no ser convencionales. Recuperar y tratar el dolor total implica conocer a la persona en todas sus dimensiones y ofrecerle la opción más adecuada para aliviar este dolor, como lo son las estrategias no farmacológicas complementándolas con los fármacos.

Recovering and incorporating into the management of nursing care those nonpharmacological strategies that have been scientifically proven to relieve "total pain" considering different possibilities of relieving it, implies a great challenge for the nursing professional. It was proposed to understand the perception referred to by the nursing professionals of the Andacollo, Chos Malal and Rincón de los Sauces hospital regarding total pain and the application of nonpharmacological strategies applied to people in a situation of total pain, period February-June 2020. It was investigated following a qualitative, exploratory, and phenomenological strategy. six in-depth, virtual interviews were conducted with prior informed consent. The professionals were selected through an intentional and strategic sampling, considering their experience to refer relevant data according to the proposed objective. The meaning of total pain is valued, perceiving it as a captivating pain that modifies the well-being of the sufferer and their family. The therapies alternatives are not applied due to ignorance, lack of time or because they are not conventional. Recovering and treating total pain implies knowing the person in all its dimensions and offering the most appropriate option to relieve this pain, such as non-pharmacological strategies complementing them with drugs.